Varg Vikernes & Burzum: Unraveling Black Metal's Darkest Enigma
**The name Varg Vikernes resonates with a chilling duality within the annals of music history, particularly within the extreme metal subgenre of black metal. As the sole creative force behind Burzum, a Norwegian music project founded in 1991, Vikernes forged a sound that would become a cornerstone of the early Norwegian black metal scene. Despite never playing live performances, Burzum's atmospheric and minimalist approach to black metal left an indelible mark, influencing countless bands and shaping the genre's evolution. Yet, the legacy of Burzum is inextricably linked to, and often overshadowed by, the profound controversies surrounding Vikernes himself, including his infamous crimes and extremist views.**
This article delves into the complex world of Varg Vikernes and Burzum, exploring the musical innovation that captivated a generation of metalheads, the personal history and ideological underpinnings that fueled his artistic output, and the criminal acts that cemented his notoriety. We will navigate the dark corridors of black metal's past, examining how one individual's vision, however controversial, could leave such a significant and lasting impact on a global musical movement.
Table of Contents
- The Genesis of Burzum: A Solo Vision
- Varg Vikernes: A Biographical Sketch
- Burzum's Musical Impact: Atmospheric Black Metal
- The Controversies: Crime, Ideology, and Infamy
- Beyond Music: Varg Vikernes as Author and Thinker
- The End of Burzum and Lingering Legacy
- The Enduring Allure of Old School Norwegian Black Metal
- Varg Vikernes and the Spirit of Norwegian Nationalism
The Genesis of Burzum: A Solo Vision
Burzum, pronounced [ˈbʉ̀rtsʉm], emerged from the burgeoning Norwegian black metal scene in 1991 as the brainchild of Varg Vikernes. Born Kristian Vikernes (later known as Louis Cachet), he had previously been a member of the influential black metal band Mayhem. However, Burzum was conceived as a purely solo endeavor, allowing Vikernes complete artistic control over its sound and vision. This solitary approach, where Vikernes handled all instruments and vocals, became a hallmark of the project, contributing to its unique, often isolated and desolate atmosphere.
From its inception, Burzum carved out a distinct niche within the nascent black metal landscape. While many of its contemporaries focused on raw aggression and satanic themes, Burzum leaned into a more atmospheric and minimalist sound. This emphasis on creating immersive soundscapes, often through repetitive riffs and lo-fi production, set Burzum apart and would prove profoundly influential. Despite the project never engaging in live performances, its studio recordings alone were enough to establish it as a cornerstone of the early Norwegian black metal movement, widely considered one of the most influential acts in the genre's history, as acknowledged by various sources.
The Name: Darkness in Black Speech
The very name "Burzum" itself carries a layer of thematic depth, drawing directly from the fictional lexicon of J.R.R. Tolkien. The word "Burzum" means "darkness" in the Black Speech, a constructed language created by Tolkien for his epic fantasy saga, *The Lord of the Rings*. This choice of name immediately signaled a connection to themes of fantasy, mythology, and the inherent darkness that permeated Vikernes's artistic output. It also subtly hinted at the project's departure from conventional lyrical themes, suggesting a more profound, perhaps even esoteric, exploration of darkness, distinct from the overt Satanism prevalent in some corners of the black metal scene.
Varg Vikernes: A Biographical Sketch
To understand Burzum, one must inevitably confront the figure of Varg Vikernes. Born Kristian Vikernes on February 11, 1973, in Norway, he would become one of the most controversial and infamous figures in music. While widely recognized for his early black metal albums, his life story is equally defined by a series of high-profile crimes and the espousal of extreme ideologies. His journey from a young musician experimenting with a new sound to a convicted murderer and ideologue is a complex and disturbing narrative that has permanently etched his name into both music history and criminal records.
Vikernes's early musical endeavors saw him involved with other musicians, though he reportedly viewed them as technically inferior and driven by superficial motivations, such as impressing girls, unlike his own serious approach to music. This early isolation and conviction in his own artistic path likely solidified his decision to pursue Burzum as a solo project, where his vision could remain uncompromised. His uncompromising nature, both musically and ideologically, would become a defining characteristic throughout his life.
Personal Data & Key Milestones
| Category | Detail |
|---|---|
| Full Name (Birth) | Kristian Vikernes |
| Current Legal Name | Louis Cachet |
| Born | February 11, 1973 (currently 51 years old) |
| Nationality | Norwegian |
| Known For | Musician (Burzum), Author, Convicted Criminal |
| Musical Projects | Burzum (solo project), Former member of Mayhem |
| Notable Crimes | Murder of Øystein "Euronymous" Aarseth (1993), Arson of several churches |
| Imprisonment | Sentenced to 21 years in prison (released 2009) |
| Post-Release Activities | Continued Burzum, authoring books, YouTube presence |
Burzum's Musical Impact: Atmospheric Black Metal
The music of Burzum stands as a testament to Varg Vikernes's unique artistic vision, largely independent of his later infamy. Its influence on black metal, and indeed on broader extreme music, is undeniable. Burzum pioneered an atmospheric and minimalist approach that diverged from the raw, chaotic sound of many of its contemporaries. Instead, Vikernes focused on creating immersive soundscapes, often characterized by repetitive, hypnotic guitar riffs, simple drum patterns, and raw, distorted vocals that often felt like another instrument rather than a clear voice.
This distinct style, often described as "depressive suicidal black metal" (DSBM) or simply "atmospheric black metal," evoked feelings of isolation, melancholy, and a profound connection to nature. The production quality, often deliberately lo-fi, contributed to this sense of rawness and authenticity, making the music feel distant yet intensely personal. The impact of Burzum's sound can be heard across countless black metal bands that emerged in its wake, from the more ambient and folk-influenced acts to those prioritizing mood and atmosphere over sheer aggression.
Early Releases and Their Influence (1992-1996)
The period from 1992 to 1996 saw the release of Burzum's most iconic and influential works, all created before or during the early stages of Vikernes's incarceration. These five records—*Burzum* (1992), *Det som engang var* (1993), *Hvis lyset tar oss* (1994), *Filosofem* (1996), and *Dauði Baldrs* (1997, recorded in prison)—solidified Burzum's place as one of the most influential figures in early Norwegian black metal. Albums like *Hvis lyset tar oss* and especially *Filosofem* are frequently cited as masterpieces of the genre, showcasing Vikernes's ability to craft lengthy, hypnotic tracks that transcended conventional song structures.
The recording process for these albums, as Varg himself later discussed in various "camcorder manifestos," was often rudimentary, yet the resulting sound was anything but. It was during this period that the signature Burzum sound truly took shape: the raw, trebly guitar tone, the distinctive synth melodies (particularly on *Filosofem*), and the overall sense of bleak grandeur. These early works laid down a blueprint for atmospheric black metal that continues to inspire artists globally, demonstrating that profound impact can come from minimalist execution.
Post-Incarceration Releases (2010-2012)
Following his release from prison in 2009, Varg Vikernes continued with the Burzum project, much to the anticipation and, at times, controversy of the black metal community. He released three more black metal albums in quick succession: *Belus* (2010), *Fallen* (2011), and *Umskiptar* (2012). These albums marked a return to the black metal style after his prison-era ambient works, *Dauði Baldrs* and *Hliðskjálf*. While these later releases retained elements of the classic Burzum sound, they also showcased a more refined production and, in the case of *Umskiptar*, a stronger emphasis on Old Norse lyrical themes and clean vocals, which was a notable departure.
In addition to these full-length albums, Vikernes also released a compilation of re-recorded songs titled *From the Depths of Darkness* (2011), offering a fresh perspective on some of his earlier material. On April 27, 2013, he further surprised fans by posting a new song, "Back to the Shadows," on his official YouTube channel, signaling continued musical activity. These post-incarceration works demonstrated Vikernes's enduring commitment to the Burzum project, even as his public persona continued to evolve and attract scrutiny.
The Controversies: Crime, Ideology, and Infamy
It is impossible to discuss Varg Vikernes and Burzum without confronting the dark shadow of his criminal past and the extreme ideologies he has espoused. His notoriety stems primarily from two major events that shook the Norwegian black metal scene and garnered international headlines: the murder of his former bandmate Øystein "Euronymous" Aarseth in 1993, and the arson of several historic churches in Norway. These acts, for which Vikernes was convicted and sentenced to 21 years in prison, forever intertwined his musical legacy with a chilling narrative of violence and extremism.
The murder of Euronymous, the guitarist and founder of Mayhem and owner of Deathlike Silence Productions, was a pivotal moment. Vikernes claimed self-defense, but the court found him guilty of murder. This event, coupled with the church burnings—which Vikernes has expressed support for, seeing them as acts of rebellion against Christianity and the modern world—cast a long, dark shadow over the entire Norwegian black metal movement. The controversies surrounding Vikernes himself have, for many, overshadowed the artistic merits of Burzum, making it a difficult subject for fans and critics alike to reconcile.
Beyond his criminal actions, Vikernes has become a figure associated with extreme nationalism and racial ideologies. While not explicitly part of Burzum's lyrical themes, his public statements and writings, particularly after his release from prison, have veered into areas of white nationalism and paganism, often expressing anti-Semitic and anti-immigrant sentiments. These views have further complicated the perception of Burzum, forcing listeners to grapple with the moral implications of supporting art created by such a controversial figure. This complex interplay of musical innovation, criminal acts, and extreme ideology makes Varg Vikernes a truly unique, and deeply troubling, case study in the history of music.
Beyond Music: Varg Vikernes as Author and Thinker
Varg Vikernes's activities extend beyond his musical output with Burzum. Throughout his life, particularly during and after his incarceration, he has presented himself as an author, philosopher, and historian, sharing his thoughts on a wide range of subjects from mythology and history to politics and social commentary. His writings, often disseminated through personal websites, books, and YouTube videos, offer a deeper, albeit often problematic, insight into his worldview. The "Library (Burzum Wikipedia) books, tales and researches by Varg Vikernes" points to a significant body of non-musical work that he has produced.
His philosophical stance often revolves around a rejection of modernity and a yearning for what he perceives as a purer, pre-Christian European past. In an interview on August 12, 2004, he stated, "I refused to participate in the rape of Mother Earth, and revolted against the modern world." This quote encapsulates a recurring theme in his thought: a deep-seated anti-modernism and a desire to return to perceived ancestral ways. He has also used platforms like YouTube to share his views, including "camcorder manifestos" where he discussed various topics, even delving into the recording process for the Burzum albums, offering a unique insider perspective on his creative methods.
His published works, such as "The Magic of the Grave," "The Hidden Name," and "The Nature of the Gods," delve into paganism, mythology, and his interpretations of ancient European cultures. These writings are often intertwined with his racial and nationalistic beliefs, presenting a coherent, albeit highly controversial, ideological framework that underpins much of his artistic and public life. Whether one agrees with his views or not, it is clear that Vikernes sees himself as more than just a musician; he is a polemicist and a self-proclaimed intellectual, seeking to influence thought beyond the confines of black metal.
The End of Burzum and Lingering Legacy
The Burzum project, which was originally active from 1991 until 2000, saw a revival in 2009 upon Varg Vikernes's release from prison. However, this second phase of activity eventually drew to a close. On June 1, 2018, Vikernes announced the official end of the Burzum project on his YouTube channel, signaling a definitive conclusion to his pioneering black metal endeavor. While there might be related projects or re-issues, such as "Burzum the Land of Thulê 2024 Myfarog Productions play @ Apple Music," these are typically under his broader "Myfarog" umbrella, which encompasses his role-playing game and philosophical works, rather than new musical output specifically under the Burzum name.
Despite its official cessation, the legacy of Burzum remains profound and complex. Its impact on the black metal genre is undeniable, having shaped the atmospheric and minimalist subgenres and inspiring countless musicians globally. The project's raw, evocative soundscapes continue to draw new listeners, even as the controversies surrounding Vikernes himself remain a significant hurdle for many. The discussion around Burzum often devolves into debates about separating the art from the artist, a challenge that is particularly acute given the nature of Vikernes's crimes and ideologies.
The project's enduring influence is a testament to the power of its music, which managed to transcend the limitations of its creator's personal failings and public infamy. Whether celebrated or condemned, Burzum's place in the history of extreme music is secured, a dark star that continues to cast a long, albeit often unsettling, shadow over the landscape of black metal.
The Enduring Allure of Old School Norwegian Black Metal
The story of Varg Vikernes and Burzum is deeply intertwined with the broader narrative of the "old school Norwegian black metal" scene. This period, roughly from 1991 to 1993, was a crucible of creativity, rebellion, and controversy that forever changed the face of extreme music. It was a time when a small, insular group of musicians in Norway, fueled by a shared sense of alienation, anti-establishment sentiment, and often a fascination with the occult or paganism, forged a sound that was raw, uncompromising, and utterly unique. Vikernes himself, as a key figure in black metal, provides a unique insider perspective on the birth and evolution of this movement, often speaking about the "rebellion of the Norwegian black metal scene" during this pivotal era.
The allure of this period stems from its authenticity and extremity. Bands like Mayhem, Darkthrone, Emperor, Immortal, and of course, Burzum, were not merely playing music; they were creating a cultural phenomenon that challenged societal norms and pushed artistic boundaries. The lo-fi production, the raw aggression, the often cryptic or philosophical lyrics, and the genuine sense of danger surrounding the scene contributed to its mystique. For many, this era represents the true essence of black metal—a genre born from genuine conviction and a desire to shock and provoke. The music from this period, including the early works of Burzum, continues to be revered by purists and new fans alike for its foundational importance and unparalleled atmosphere.
Varg Vikernes and the Spirit of Norwegian Nationalism
Beyond the realm of music and crime, Varg Vikernes has consistently articulated strong nationalistic and ethno-nationalistic views, particularly concerning Norway and Scandinavia. This aspect of his ideology has become increasingly prominent in his public discourse, especially since his release from prison. When questioned about why so many Norwegian bands sing their lyrics in Norwegian, Vikernes has indicated that a key reason is "extreme nationalism." This suggests a conscious effort by some artists within the scene to root their work in a distinct national identity, often tied to pre-Christian Norse heritage.
Vikernes's vision extends to a broader Scandinavian unity, stating that "The three Scandinavian countries should simply become one, Scandinavia." This desire for a unified, ethnically homogenous Scandinavia reflects a pan-Nordic nationalist sentiment. He has also expressed strong anti-European Union sentiments, highlighting his belief
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